All scout units should have a checking account, and many also have a savigns account. Usually there is at least one account at your local council service center and some councils keep two accounts (one for Scout Shop & Events and a seperate one for registration).
A Unit Treasurer should be aware of all of these accounts. It is important to keep both your banks & the council office informed on who are the authorized people to use those accounts.
A good guide for all units is the Unit Budget Plan, this is a flyer that usually comes to the unit once a year with your recharter packet.
On the matter of the Employer Identification Number. After the enactment of the Patriot Act, all banks MUST have a EIN number for the account. Where a bank official may ask you to go to the Scout Office, your local council's EIN number is NOT the one you need.
All scout units are chartered by their Chartering Organization and, in fact owned by them. Whether you are chartered by a church, labor union, or the local Lions Club they need to provide you with their EIN number for the purposes of opening a checking account. Some Chartering Organizations (the Mormon Church comes to mind) have specific policies that do not allow for their units to operate an independent checking account, so be sure to check with your Chartered Organization Representative for your unit on what to do about this.
Some units are chartered by groups like "Friends of Pack So & So" and those types of chartering organizations are not likely to posess their own EIN number. It is possible for a Pack or Troop to go directly to the IRS and get an EIN number. This is a quick and painless process. In fact, if you can get through the IRS on-line session, you are issued a EIN number immediately.
Visit: http://www.irs.gov/businesses/small/article/0,,id=97860,00.html
For most units, that will be the end of it, but in later years if your Pack becomes one giant popcorn fundraising machine, and you get over $10,000 flowing through your checking account in a year, there may be some additional reporting that the Pack Treasurer must do if you go the route of getting your own EIN number for a unit.
Let me hasten to add that this process is only about getting an EIN number. This has nothing to do with becoming a Non-Profit organization. The steps to become an IRS 501 © 3 entity are far more difficult and very very few scout units have ever gone that route.
YIS,
Ed Henderson
Webmaster - SCOUTER.com
Board Member - U.S. Scouting Service Project @ usscouts.org